Adhd Alternative Approaches For Disruptive Behavior Essay

ADHD: Alternative Approaches to Disruptive Behavior Conrad Landis Middle Tennessee State University This review intends to shed light on the potential overdiagnosis, over medicalization, and various behavior modification approaches to ADHD. Emphasis is placed on the impact of assessment by physicians as well as mindfulness to the idea of doing no harm. Evidence shows that behavior therapy is recommended as the first line of defense thus supporting the theory that disruptive behavior can be effectively treated when utilizing appropriate parent/child development strategies. ADHD: Alternative Approaches to Disruptive Behavior Controversy continues to surround a disorder which tends to classify vast numbers of unruly children as abnormal. It is officially recognized as Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) in the fifth publication of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). The National Institute of Health (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, n.d.) states, â€Å"For a person to receive a diagnosis of ADHD, the symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity-impulsivity must be chronic or long-lasting, impair the person’s functioning, and cause the person to fall behind normal development for his or her age.† Although this statement attempts to define criteria necessary for a possible diagnosis, much is left to be questioned about the nature of assessment, prescription, and potential behavior modification strategies.Show MoreRelatedRad Is An 11 Year Old Male Student With Parental Instability And Documented Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ( Adhd857 Wo rds   |  4 PagesHyperactivity Disorder (ADHD). After reviewing Rad’s records from previous schools, I learned Rad often missed school or skipped school. Even though Rad was disruptive and often inattentive, I could see he was smarter than his records indicated. Though Rad’s father and his record states he’d been diagnosed with ADHD, even with medication he often displayed significant difficulties with poor attention, impulsivity and overactive/inappropriate behaviors. Though having ADHD was a contributing factorRead MoreAdhd And Its Effects On Children1684 Words   |  7 Pagesbeen many studies on ADHD including showing that it actually has a hereditary gene to it. According to Chris Chandler, â€Å"Some have argued that ADHD may have an adaptive function to past environments [187]. However we are not just an expression of our genes; the development of behavior is seen as a product of interactions between genetics, the environment, and perception.† T his is an interesting view point because there have been several accounts of people saying they developed ADHD because their parentsRead MoreWhat Are the Effects of Adhd in the Classroom?5060 Words   |  21 Pageseducational need: ADHD. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common and most distressing disorders amongst school-age children, yet it is probably one of the least well understood. It has received a lot of awareness mainly because of the large numbers of children receiving drug treatment for the disorder. Where children have behavioural problems and parents are finding it hard to manage, it is expected that they will turn to teachers for guidance and help. ADHD can drasticallyRead MoreA Case Study for Adhd Students4596 Words   |  19 PagesA Case Study for ADHD Students Peter John Bakas January 17th, 2011 As in any situation with any student that is special or gifted or that IDEA, IEP, and 504 Plans, have to be the first and foremost concern for all parties involved. â€Å"Education For All Handicapped Children Act Passed in 1975 Guaranteed and enforced the right of all children with disabilities to receive free and appropriate education Considered the foundation of special education in the United States; 1990- Law renamed to IDEA. WhatRead MoreThe Negative Consequences of Discipline1836 Words   |  7 Pagesconstitutionality of applying punitive disciplinary measures to students, seeing that expulsions and suspensions prohibit and limit student access to education. Consequently, micro-level disciplinary alternatives have been developed, which aim to rehabilitate â€Å"offenders† rather than punish them. These alternatives offer a balance between discipline and the risk of overcriminalization, and include counseling, anger management sessions, victim-offender mediation, and peer judiciaries. One central questionRead MoreAssesing the Curriculum for Special Education2198 Words   |  9 Pageshyperactivity disorder or ADHD, who often experience poor academic performance, behavior problems, and difficulties with social interaction. The situation can be further complicated by the fact that there is no typical, predictable classroom style common to all children with special needs, for that matter. It can also be hard for parents to tell how much of any problem identified by a teacher falls into the normal range of a child development, for example how much is due to ADHD, and how much is due toRead MoreAttention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder: To Medicate or Not to Medicate?2369 Words   |  10 Pagesas Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder (ADHD) is no different. ADHD is a behavioral disorder commonly diagnosed in school-aged children ages 5-17 years old about 8% to 10% of that population (Kidshealth.org), which is 4.5 million children have ever been diagnosed with ADHD (Blo om Cohen, 2006 p.5). The brains of these children work differently. Not allowing for them to focus on tasks considered by most as boring or routine. A person living with ADHD is characterized as having chronic difficultiesRead MoreThe Importance of Teacher’s Part in the Disruptive Behavior in the Classroom8656 Words   |  35 PagesThe Importance of Teacher’s Part In the Disruptive Behavior In the Classroom Prepared by Aclan, Olga Enriquez, Zarah Mae Salazar, Aprilyn Prepared to: Mrs. Rose Mae Ann LUmanglas Instructress Table of Contents I. Introduction a. Statement of the Problem b. Significance of the Study II. Body a. Conceptual Literature b. Research Literature III. Summary and Recommendation IV. Bibliography a. Books b. Journals c. Unpublished Materials d. WebRead MoreThe Classification System Of Mental Health Disorders2431 Words   |  10 Pagesarbitrary is due to the attempt to define abnormality in terms of normality, when even the line between those two states is not clearly defined (Hersen Beidel, 2012; Mash Barkley, 2003; Widiger Clark, 2000; Widiger, Trull, 2007). Dimensional Approaches Accumulating scientific evidence has revealed that a dimensional approach would more accurately capture the nature of mental health disorders. In addition, research shows that dimensionality exists between disorders, reflecting shared underlyingRead More The Identifying Factors in the Development of Aggression and Violence in Youth Today3982 Words   |  16 Pagesof aggressive and antisocial behavior from early childhood to adolescence and into adulthood. Prospective longitudinal and intervention studies have identified major correlates for the initiation, escalation, continuation, and cessation of serious violent offending. Many studies indicate that a single factor or a single defining situation does not cause child and adolescent antisocial behavior. Rather, multiple factors contribute to and shape antisocial behavior over the course of development

Punishment Of A Crime And Criminal Justice System - 994 Words

The history of punishment in America has had multiple changes in order for the rules and regulations to adapt to societies changing ways. The most common punishment is jail time or imprisonment, however in this date and age time punishment is not the only option to punish a criminal of the society, probation, parole, house arrest and even being put in solitary confinement, or worse the death penalty are options. With this in mind we must as a society and criminal justice system be able to apply fair living standards and punishment by recognizing what punishment is best suited for an inmate and to also be able to come back into society fully understanding the moral codes and regulations placed to be a successful member of society. In American we seem to allow worse punishment to develop through time in order to put more fear into the culture to act accordingly or get punished. When sanctions are placed they show how that society runs and its moral understanding of those who break the law. Sanctions were created for punishment of a crime however they serve as a small place of protection against civilians. However, in America we seem to not have a constant remedy that can help assist those who are criminals, harsher punishment may not be the answer however, in a culture where anything can happen, we must know, implement and be able to understand how different sanctions work in order to reduce crime. Also how we can further develop other sanctions that may help our societyShow MoreRelatedImplementing An Effective Punishment For An Offender1653 Words   |  7 PagesAchieving justice for all and providing appropriate punishment to fit all crimes is a prominent issue within the criminal justice system. In consideri ng an effective punishment for an offender, the law must be mindful of both the moral and legal rights of a number of parties, including the society, the offender, and the victim, in order to achieve true justice for all (Warren 2005) - a process proving controversial and almost impossible in many cases. Whilst aiming to provide a system in which citizensRead MoreCrime System And Criminal Justice System Essay1399 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction: The criminal justice system has evolved on the decades. From initially being constituted by the victim to eventually becoming constituted by written laws. There have been several changes made within the justice system, so in the following I will discuss my perspectives of the researched information and the noted changes of a system that was created by the people for the people. Topic I – Victim Justice System vs. Criminal Justice System A. Responsibilities of the victim’s past/presentRead MoreThe Limits Of The Criminal Sanction Written By The Criminologist Scholar Herbert Packer Essay1619 Words   |  7 Pages The criminal justice system is finding ways and doing their absolute best to prevent crime and protect their citizens. Preventing crime is not an easy job, the system prevents crime by using their powers to arrest, prosecute, and sentences criminals to prison. Citizens need to feel safe in their environment that they are living in. However, since we are living in a constitutional and democratic society, where citizen rights need to be protected and have due process where people can be innocentRead MoreCriminal Justice Systems Paper1153 Words   |  5 PagesCriminal Justice System Paper The criminal justice system and the criminal justice process has shaped the laws of this country into what they are today from the concerns of politicians and government leaders as far back as the 1800s with crime control. Basically, the criminal justice system was designed to ensure the safety of individuals whom are citizens of this country. Essentially, the criminal justice system is â€Å"the structural basis used to maintain social control† (Education DecisionsRead MoreThe American Justice System858 Words   |  4 Pagesways is the indigenous justice paradigm in conflict with the principles of the traditional, adversarial American criminal justice system? In what ways do the principles of Native American justice complement more mainstream correctional initiatives? Within the Criminal Justice system, comes a structure of both practices as well as organizations that main role is to uphold not only social jurisdiction, but to discourage and diminish criminal activity. The Criminal Justice system also sanctions thoseRead MoreJuvenile Delinquency : Should Severity Of Punishment For Young Offenders Be The Same As Adults?1200 Words   |  5 PagesDelinquency: Should Severity of Punishment for Young Offenders Be the Same as Adults? Throughout centuries of development, crime and social safety are still the biggest concerns for a country since it can influence the political, economic, and social aspects. With the evolution of human civilization, more than seventy percent of the world has been urbanized into developed countries. These countries contain advanced technologies, highly-comprehensive policies and economic system. Along with the inclusiveRead MoreEssay on Victim and Crime Evulation1159 Words   |  5 PagesVictim and Crime Evaluation Larry Fulse CJA /354 May 5, 2014 Joeseph Caulfield The Criminal Justice system today is our scale of judgment. It plays a major part in how we live and how we continue to live among all the dangers, evil and corruption that surrounds us. Without it there wouldn`t be the fine line of right and wrong, there wouldn`t be justice. Those that are considered victims in our criminal justice would turn and become the aggressors and the criminals if we didn`t have aRead MoreEssay on Criminal Rehabilitation in the United States Justice System1640 Words   |  7 Pagesincarceration. Professionals will tell you that incarceration really does very little to stop crime, but we go on spending billions of dollars in order to lock up more and more people. We have become the country with the highest incarceration rate in the industrialized world. (National Criminal Justice Commission) This quote from Dave Kelly shows many of the issues with the United State’s criminal justice system today. The prison population is increasing because prisoners are being taken in at a higherRead MoreCesare Beccaria s Influence On Criminal Justice Essay1023 Words   |  5 PagesThe way that we deal with criminals today is center and established based on how Cesare Beccaria defined and stated it. Who is Cesare Beccaria? Cesare Beccaria is an Italian scholar born in Milan, Lombardy, Italy on Saturday March 14, 1738. He died at the age of 56 in the same city on Friday, November 28, 1794. Cesare Beccaria was an Italian criminologist, a jurist, a philosopher, and a politician who is widely considered as the most talented jurist [3] and one of the greatest thinkers of the AgeRead MoreThe Criminal Justice System1308 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Criminal Justice System The criminal justice system refers to the way in which a society chooses to handle all aspects of crime and punishment. In the Western world, particularly the United States, the criminal justice system is an official governmental system that focuses on crime and punishment, though some societies still incorporate a significant amount of informal social controls into their criminal justice systems. The criminal justice system covers everything from crime-prevention and

Ray Rice’s Amazing Story Free Essays

Ray has learned more and more about his father, Calvin Reed. Janet has a color snapshot, which serves as the only means by which Ray knows what his father looked like. There are stories In which he has learned that he was a respectable man 1 OF3 wltn a respectaDle D I nese tnlngs are comTortlng to Ray Decause tne reason ne never got to know his father is extremely uncomfortable. We will write a custom essay sample on Ray Rice’s Amazing Story or any similar topic only for you Order Now In the summer of 1988, a car rolled past Reed as he was walking home from work. Shots were fired and Reed died there on the sidewalk. Three years later, when the gunman was convicted and sent to prison, it was revealed that Reed wasnt the target. He was Just in the wrong place at the wrong time. â€Å"Sometimes you wonder what it would be like to have your real dad,† Ray said. Just for a walk in the park or Just recapping our lives. That’s the part that makes me think. â€Å"00A few years later, Rice’s aunt died of brain cancer at 37 years old. Her son, Shaun Rice-Nichols, moved up three floors in their apartment complex to live with Janet and Ray. 00Treated like a son by Janet, Shaun was a father fgure to Ray, who was 10 years younger. They did everything together, from Ray’s favorite (playing sports), to Shaun’s favorite (rapping in front of the mirror). Shaun was an up-and- coming rap artist known as S. U. P. E. , which stood for Spiritually Uplifting People Everywhere. He sang about inspiring people and guiding them in the right direction despite their tough surroundings. Shaun would always tell Ray to go for his dreams, to pursue them with extreme passion. After all, Shaun was proof that even a kid from the projects could make it. 00At about 21 years old, Shaun signed his first record deal and moved with his fianc ©e and two young daughters to California to pursue his music career. 00†³He was the one in the family where if he wanted something he went after it and he got it,† Ray said. â€Å"He was the first one the family was really proud of. 0 0But Shaun’s dreams ended on a road in California on March 21, 1998. That’s when a driver, swerving to avoid another car during the early hours of St. Patrick’s Day, plowed into Shaun’s compact car. His fianc ©e died on the scene, and Shaun passed away four days later. â€Å"That was rough, really rough. But I believe today he’s still here,† Ray said. â€Å"My family is different. When he died, in a sense some of my family died. Everybody Just changed for a little bit. â€Å"00Just 1 1 years old at the time, Ray didn’t change. He Just became even more obsessive about continuing the mission that Shaun began for his family, he says. 00Ray still carries Shaun close to him at all times. He has Shaun’s name, S. U. P. E. , tattooed on his right biceps and he carries his memories of him onto the football field. â€Å"I’m in his place now,† Ray said. â€Å"l made it to the NFL, but that’s not enough. It’s about my family and I’m trying to gel everyone believe in my dream and I chase my dream like S. U. P. E. chased his dream. He didn’t get a chance to finish his dream. I want to finish my dream. One day after football practice during his 1 lth grade season, Ray stared out of the partment window as his mother ran him a hot bath, pouring in Epsom salt to ease his sore muscles. Ma, I’m going to the league,† Ray said. â€Å"I’ve got to make it to the league. I’ll be glad when I can tell you, You don’t have to work no more. ‘† Janet lived her whole life in The Hollow. She sometimes worked two Jobs trying to make ends meet while doing her best to spoil Rice and his three younger s iblings. Besides the time she spends doting on her own kids, she has dedicated her career to teaching special needs children, a calling that shows her heart is bigger than the 4-foot-11 body it lives in. Ray decided early on in life that his mother needed help. And since then, a large part of his mission has been to use his passion of football to give her a different life. Ray was a two-sport star at New Rochelle High School. He played point guara Tor nls DasKetDall team, lea01ng tnem to tne state Tlnals In 2 football field, he scored 31 touchdowns as a senior and was named to the Madison Square Garden’s All-Heisman team. Ray then became a college football legend in the New York-New Jersey area, rejuvenating Rutgers’ football program and leading the team to a miraculous upset win over previously-undefeated Louisville in 2007. Right before being interviewed by ESPN on national television that night, with the cameras rolling, Rice stopped and called out, â€Å"Where’s my mother? † He was worried about her being trampled by the students streaming onto the field. Despite her son being drafted, nearly leading the NFL in total yardage last year and being named to the Pro Bowl in Just his second season, those words on ESPN serve as Janet’s favorite football memory for the sheer fact that it shows how much her son cares about her. Ray and Janet still talk on the phone every single morning at around 6 a. m. while Janet is cooking breakfast for her children. They talk about everything, from football to girls. â€Å"I’m more than Just his mother,† Janet said. â€Å"I’m his best friend. We laugh, we giggle. We have so much fun together. † In large part, Ray’s success has already allowed him to take care of his family. His mother drives a new Lexus and now lives in a safe, waterfront property Just about 15 minutes from their old apartment. But Janet still goes to her Job at school, still caring for special needs children. â€Å"I’ve got one more phase left,† Ray said. â€Å"It will be her choice whether she wants to work. I want her to fulfill what she wasn’t able to Just raising us. I want her to enjoy herself. How to cite Ray Rice’s Amazing Story, Papers

Review Of The Ethics Of Autism (Sample Solution)

Question: Discuss about the demonstrate the application of theoretical knowledge in relation to the issue/ dilemma? Answer: Introduction: Social workers actually take on several varied responsibilities that must ultimately serve all of their clients' till the best interests. Such workers also try to properly abide by code of the ethics and provide their clients with all required and expected services with proper care and concern. Specially a person who is a worker within the house for autistic people needs to be very careful about each step he/ she takes within the organization. Like in any other human services occupation, social workers also might face several ethical dilemmas within their practice of work. Such an ethical dilemma also involves a vast conflict amid two or even more ethical laws and principles (Anderson and Cushing, 2013). Here in this study one such ethical dilemma is being discussed and way to find out a solution for the same also is being attempted. The case: I am actually a support worker within a home intended for people suffering autism. This home consist ten residents and amongst them John is also one. Johns sister one day visits john and complaints bout a serious issue that she has observed within the autism home. On a particular visit, when I was on the duty standing with and supporting John, his sister instantly came to me and reported that, she today has seen a nurse in charge beating some other service user named Sam in his face. She told that she saw the entire scene through window while she was just outside smoking. I also saw her very concerned and worried. She also told me that I should not inform this to anybody as she did not want to bring in any kind of trouble in the nurses life and felt that the nurse might lose her job after this. But she was also very much worried about incident as it made her feel that even her brother john also might be subject to same treatment. Discussion: Dilemmas that I faced are explained below: Responsibility and self-determination This is amongst the guiding principles of the social work and refers to respect for every client's right and enabling of their self-determination. Such principle always means that all clients are ultimately responsible of making their own decisions as well as finding solutions for the problems they face, regardless of the fact that whether the social worker actually agrees with the course of the action or not (Barnbaum, 2008). Here I thought that I needed to find the reason behind hitting of Sam by the nurse but on the other hand I also thought that whatever be the reason the nurse was not at all allowed to beat any patient in the home and carrying such an action might make patients more fearful and might also contribute towards declining health. On other hand I also understand the level of frustration and irritation nurses in the home need to tackle with while dealing with the patients that might make them agitated at times and enforce them to take such action (Beals, 2003). Confidentiality Another ethical dilemma that I encountered being a social workers was right towards confidentiality versus right towards self-determination, particularly in this case where I was asked to maintain the confidentiality of the fact that I was informed about whereas I thought that hiding such fact from higher authorities might result in encouragement of the nurse performing such unethical actions and this might enhance her activity in future resulting in conflicts and issues within the home. Being a support worker I was to respect the staffs as well as the patients and also their relatives client's privacy plus confidentiality (Dawson and Verweij, 2007). And here as Johns sister did not want me to disclose the issue I was to hide the fact from higher authority because the nurse might lose her job after this. But also providing such privilege to the nurse also might worsen the situation in future. Duty of care and Values plus attitudes Every social worker has their personal and internal value scheme plus set of the morals. In spite their most excellent efforts towards keeping their feelings within check and towards respecting the differences, the social workers specially those in autistic homes are generally confronted with situations in which all of their values as well as morals conflict along with those of patients or even other staffs (Edwards, 2008). For instance, if a patient reacts impatiently and makes the situation worse, the nurse or the support workers need to handle them by giving medicines or treating them hardly and scolding them and even at times punishing them (be the punishment in any form). I need to think and analyze what situation made the nurse beat the client and was it really correct to hit Sam. Conduct in practice and also Professional codes of conduct Not every ethical dilemma within the support work in an autism home involves a direct contact with the client. But some works also demand direct contact as well as good connection with the patient. Autistic patients are always to be handled with utmost care and concern and are to be treated like a child (GILLON, 2005). The nurse might have faced a worse situation but why to hit Sam even if he has irritated her badly, hitting might have different affect on Sams mind and on other hand if the issue will not be informed to higher authorities the nurse might continue such action. Stress plus coping mechanisms regarding fostering of dignity and respect If I complain about the incident to higher authorities they might take action against the nurse and also might dismiss her on behalf of hitting Same, but this will inculcate a bad relation amid me and my co-workers and they might take me as complaint box. Also if I wont further complain and no actions are taken against her the bad and unethical behavior of nurse might increase and this might also affect the reputation of the organization (Griffiths, 2012). Application of Ehtical Theories in Decision Utilitarianism and Consequential theory- As per this theory of utilitarianism, actions that I will decide to undertake will be evaluated by its consequences. Thus, thus theory also is called the Consequentialism. Consequentiality ethics is a theory that holds views regarding accurate moral answer which is also related to the outcome, as well as consequence, of the action. Major aim is the premise of exploiting the greatest products intended for greatest count. 'Good [plus services' referred to can be also uttered in several ways as well as also this might even refer to values plus 'utility' such as happiness, and being in any pain (Hofmann, 2002). Deontology theory- Deontology in reality is on the basis of the duties plus rights as well as also respects all the people. It even places extra value on the intentions of entity other than the results or the outcomes of many actions and even focuses upon rules, obligations as well as duties (Lomas, 2013). Deontology requires absolute devotion towards every of these obligations plus acting from duty is also seen as really acting ethically. Justice theory- This theory will help me to reconcile thelibertyas well asequality and will supply a very fair alternatives and situations for me as I am facing such a circumstance where I need to be fair with both the nurse as well as the patient and also with the patients sister. Code of Ethics The codes and ethical principles that I must follow in this situation are as follows: Putting patients at first and fulfilling the justice and fairness theory- Such code of the ethics demonstrates that putting the patients on first place should be of vital importance. Keeping this in mind I will have to take some or other action against the nurse and will have to inform the higher authority to stop any such unethical practice and put a control over what happened with Sam (Pellicano, 2014) Supporting ethical actions and abiding by the utilitarianism concept- If the action taken by nurse would have been ethical by any means I would have supported her but since she undertook an action which is in no situation acceptable by the organization beneath the rules and regulations of the home and also not ethically is correct thus I am bound to take an action against her but should try to convince the authority regarding only punishing the nurse and not suspending her from the job (Pellicano, 2014). Ensuring independence and fulfilling deontology theory Keeping the independence of the patient and nurse as well as the attendants in mind I must make sure that the nurses are allowed to undertake action that they feel correct for handling patients but should never hot any of them and also must take proper care for abiding by all the rules and regulations of the organization. Should i follow my policy and procedure and report the situation: Yes I must follow my own policies and procedures and must report the situation. As per my view every person on the earth is worthy of the inclusion as well as respect, be whatever his otherwise her support needs and demands. Keeping in view the Autistic society as the one demanding utmost care and love, the inculcation of proper ethics and morale in handling autistic patient must be ensured in the organization (Russell, 2010). Also John is a patient here same as Sam and if Sam has been hurt by the nurse the same could one day happens with John and many others as well. The nurse should be informed about the complaint that has been registered against her and of course the name of Johns sister must not be revealed in this case. Also Johns sister must not be informed about the report to higher authority as she requested me not to do so. Sometime lies are good if they are for good cause. And here the simple lie could save many people from getting into unnecessary conflict and problems. Linking Theories Plus The Principles Of The Practice For Drawing A Presentation By looking at this scenario, as per deontology, a person can do things that are right as it owes the person a duty towards care but then being non malfeasance also says not to harm anyone. By analyzing the case and the scenario it can easily be said that harm is yet being continued and if the nurses ubnethical behavior will not be informed to senior authorities it might raise further issues and the nurse might never stop doing so. This may also lead to another problem taking place sometime later and the nurse misbehaving with yet another patient. The code of conduct in the scenario is seen to be poor if the authorities are not informed about the ills taking place within the health care home. Here the client plus many all other users might suffer in hands of nurse which will be totally negative consequences that might take place within the organization and also may affect the name and fame of the place. Another fact can be that the authorities can be informed and they can be requested to train and counsel the nurse rather than removing her from the post or rusticating her. Here utilitarianism will be applied as the nurse will not lose her job and my desire for informing the authority and keeping my ethics on high will also be fulfilled. The nurse can be given a warning for the action that she took and can be told that any further action of same kind would pull her in some serious problem. The discussion between the authority and the nurse will have to be very calm and cool and no threatening or harsh voice should be used because this might hamper her mental status and also might make her feel that she is not being valued within the organization and might also inculcate a feeling of loosing job (Nedic, 2006). No harm to nurse and neither to patients will lead towards utilitarianism. Moreover if I actually decide to anyhow not report to the authorities, the rules and laws will be upheld it will be poor practice that I will adopt. Forgiving mistakes without punishments might lead to further undertaking of the mistake and also might tend the nurse to perform same task repetitively. Concern and worry of Johns sister is not at all wrong and of course this is a serious issue and needs to be handled as soon as possible. I respect the thinking and ethics and morals of the nurse and also know that she might loose her job after my report to authority yet I cannot take any risk with the patients health and their self respect as well. All the patients in the home are same and must be treated equally whether their attendants are available with them or not. I should consider the fact that the home is made to cure the patients with love and care and make them feel relaxed and also keep them away from the harsh and unbearable world that treats them differently (Wilkins, 2012). NHS 6c's courage- Nurse must be informed about the 6 Cs of care that are care, compassion, competence, communication, courage and commitment. Here it is well understood that the 6 Cs are not being fulfilled and the nurse is totally unaware of them. I am to take out a common way through which I will have to respect the confidentiality that has been requested by Johns sister for maintaining the privacy of the incident and complaint made by her and also I will have to take some or other action to stop the nurse undertaking such practice which is harming the patients in the home and making them feel uncomfortable. Conclusion: The study included all facts regarding ethics in the healthcare as well as the national plus international frameworks intended for the ethical health care that also enhances decision making procedure in practice. The study also discussed the Code of all the Ethics pertinent towards many health disciplines, as well as has even identified such codes plus the ways for influencing decision making as well as patients care. There are several ethical dilemmas that are being faced in the situation and all has been dealt with finely. Also the dilemmas need to be dealt with very carefully and with utmost concern. People all over the organization must be taught to handle patients with love and care and thereby a culture of good ethics and morale must be developed within for making sure that people do never complain in future about any such unethical actions undertaken by any staffs of the home. References Anderson, J. and Cushing, S. (2013). The philosophy of autism. Lanham, Md.: Rowman Littlefield Publishers. Barnbaum, D. (2008). The ethics of autism. Bloomington: Indiana University Press. Beals, K. (2003). The ethics of autism: What's wrong with the dominant paradigms and how to fix them. Mental Retardation and Developmental Disabilities Research Reviews, 9(1), pp.32-39. Dawson, A. and Verweij, M. (2007). Ethics, prevention, and public health. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Edwards, D. (2008). Providing practical support for people with autism spectrum disorder. London: Jessica Kingsley Publishers. GILLON, R. (2005). Toleration and Healthcare Ethics. Cambridge Q. Healthcare Ethics, 14(01). Griffiths, J. (2012). Promoting Sexual Health with Young People Leaving Care: A Nurse Practice Model. Adoption Fostering, 36(1), pp.70-73. Hofmann, B. (2002). Respect for patients' dignity in primary health care: a critical appraisal. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care, 20(2), pp.88-91. Lomas, C. (2013). Health care with dignity, courtesy and respect. Nursing Standard, 27(23), pp.16-18. Nedic, O. (2006). Restoring dignity and respect to health care workers. Med. pregl., 59(11-12), pp.515-521. Pellicano, L. (2014). Chapter 4. A future made together: new directions in the ethics of autism research. Journal of Research in Special Educational Needs, 14(3), pp.200-204. Russell, B. (2010). Review of The Ethics of Autism: Among Them, but Not of Them by Deborah R. Barnbaum 1. The American Journal of Bioethics, 10(2), pp.70-71. Wilkins, D. (2012). Ethical Dilemmas in Social Work Practice with Disabled People: Young Adults with Autism. Ethics and Social Welfare, 6(1), pp.97-105.

The Canterbury Tales Gender Essay Research free essay sample

The Canterbury Tales Gender Essay, Research Paper Most of the Canterbury narratives emphasize work forces and adult females and the functions that they play. Specifically in matrimony, Geoffrey Chaucer has etched out a tradition of literary glare. He has taken it upon himself to change by reversal functions and give adult females favor over the work forces. In this manner, Chaucer is considered as a innovator. In several of his narratives adult females are aggressive, froward, and powerful. Some of Chaucer s male characters are against tradition excessively. Work force in the Chaucer s narratives are inactive, na ve, and weak. Not all the work forces in the narratives are as I merely described, but plenty of them are in order to do a literary impact. Two first-class illustrations of Chaucer s reversed functions appear in two first-class narratives, The Wife Of Bath s Tale and The Miller s Tale. In these narratives we see work forces who must work out conundrums, work forces who sleep in baths above houses, and work forces who get what they deserve. We will write a custom essay sample on The Canterbury Tales Gender Essay Research or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Many writers are influenced by this new manner of exposing male and female functions. We can see the impact of Chaucer s work in other texts where female characters are liberated and influential. In the fresh Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte, we see another illustration of a adult female who is aggressive and froward. We even see a adult male who is reliant and inactive. Before we take a expression at Bronte s female character, we need to return back to Chaucer. In The Wife Of Bath s Tale the first female character introduced in really controversial. The married woman of bath is a adult female who has been married five times. She expresses this openly without any shame. It is about like she is proud of it. My Lords, since when I was but twelve old ages old, / Five hubbies have I had at the church door ; ( Chaucer 258 ) . A adult female of that clip was normally looked down upon if she were a widow. Men assisted widows in clip of demand, but they would neer see get marrieding them. The fact entirely that she has had five hubbies liberates her from adult females of her clip. Then she goes on to state that she will take on a 6th hubby when he comes along. Blessed be God that I have wedded five! / Welcome the 6th, whenever he appears ( 259 ) . The married woman of bath is a adult female who knows what she wants. She does non necessitate a adult male to order her feelings for her. So, in her narrative we see similar adult females and work forces who depend upon them. Shortly into the narrative we read about a colza. One twenty-four hours as he came siting from the river He saw a inaugural walking all forlorn Ahead of him, entirely as she was born. And of that maiden, malice of all she said, By really force he took her hymen. ( 282 ) Although the incident occurs when a adult male violates a adult female, the act besides puts the adult male at the clemency of adult females for the remainder of the narrative. It is besides of import to see that the knight is weak for what he has done. Work force in this tale show failing by leting their flesh to command them. When the knight raped the maiden, he did merely that. After the knight was condemned to decease by the male monarch for his offense, the queen takes commiseration on him and decides to save his life. But that queen, and other ladies excessively, / Implored the male monarch to exert his grace ( 282 ) . Not merely does the queen want to save his life but other adult females do excessively. This implies that the knight will ever be at the clemency of adult females. Then, as if to stress the knight s dependence, the queen tells him that he must work out her conundrum in order to populate. The queen asks, What is the thing that adult females most want? If the knight is unable to reply the conundrum in year and a twenty-four hours, so he will free his caput. It is meaningful that the conundrum centres on the will of adult females. In work outing this conundrum, the knight spends a twelvemonth of his life in a inactive province searching for the desires of adult females. On the same note, the adult females are dominant as they fill his ears wi th things they want the most. The knight becomes even more dependent upon adult females, as he gets more despairing to work out the conundrum. On the last twenty-four hours of his quest to reply the inquiry, the knight comes across an old adult female in the border of the forests. She tells him that she will interchange the solution to the conundrum for his manus in matrimony. Give me your manus, she said, and swear to do/ Whatever I shall following require of you/ And you shall cognize the reply before dark ( 285 ) . Desperate for his life, the knight agrees. The old adult female is described as a hag or a enchantress. This indicates the ugliness of the adult female, who is a far call from the lovely maiden that the knight raped at the beginning of the narrative. The knight is in an inferior province at this point in the narrative. He and the hag travel back to the queen and give the reply to the inquiry, but even after his life is spared he is still at the clemency of adult females. The knight gets what he deserves by holding to get married the old adult female. Already he has been demeaned by holding to seek out the desires of adult females, and now he must wave to the will of a hag. I say there was no joy or banquet at all, Nothing but weightiness of bosom and sorrow. He married her in private on the morrow And all twenty-four hours long stayed hidden like an bird of Minerva, It was such anguish that his married woman looked disgusting. ( 287 ) The narrative besides goes on to depict how much the knight hated being in bed with her. Now, because of his act of colza, he has gone fro m moving on the will of a queen to moving on the will of an ugly enchantress. Up until the terminal of this narrative we see how adult females govern the knight s life. At the terminal after the knight continues to kick about her ugliness, the hag decides to delight him. She makes herself beautiful and the two live merrily of all time after. So, it is merely by the act of this ugly adult female that the knight is able to recover felicity. The functions of work forces and adult females in this narrative are clearly reversed. In another one of Chaucer s narratives we find reversed functions of work forces and adult females. In The Miller s Tale there is representation of aggressive adult females and lovesick na ve work forces. In this narrative the premiss centres on a adult female who has work forces traveling in circles for her. At the beginning of the narrative we learn about a immature married woman who is merely 18 old ages old. Alison is described as wild because of her age. Her hubby John is an older adult male who tries his best to maintain her caged. She was a miss of 18 old ages of age./ Jealous he was and kept her in the coop ( 89 ) . Already we know that John is impotently in love with his married woman. We besides learn of a adult male named Nicholas who moves onto John s belongings. He is a immature pupil who is sly and eager. This chap was known as Nicholas the Gallant, And doing love in secret was his endowment, For he was really close and sly, and took Advantage of his meek and girlish expression. ( 89 ) John is willing to flim-flam John in order to be with Alison. He desires her that much. He lay awake all dark, and all twenty-four hours, / Sent her sweet vino and Mead and spicy ale ( 94 ) . John wants to win Alison s bosom. He even sings to her at her window. John loves Alison, but it is her and her hubby John who display actions that are out of character for a their gender. To get down, Alison appears to be a just and immature adult female but she is truly underhand and fickle. When Nicholas makes a base on balls at her she acts as if she is offended. No, I won t kiss you! Stop it! Let me go/ Or I shall shout! I ll allow the neighbours know! ( 91 ) . Then, a few lines subsequently the narrator lets us cognize that she agrees to flim-flaming her hubby. And so they both agreed to it, and swore/ to watch their opportunity, as I have said before ( 91 ) . Alison is an aggressive adult female who knows what she wants. She so would kip with Nicholas all dark, / For such was his desire and hers every bit good ( 94 ) . Alison knows that she wants to be with John every bit much as he wants to be with her. In the narrative it is okay for a adult female to be sexually confident and aggressive in what she wants. So, in the same manner that Chaucer has liberated adult females through their functions in his narratives, he besides allows work forces to move outside of their functions excessively. In peculiar, John is na ve and easy to gull. Even though he is an old adult male he seems to be the dumbest out of the three characters. When John and Alison decide to flim-flam him, he falls for it hook, line, and doughnut. He already suspects that his married woman and Nicholas are in love, yet when Nicholas comes to him and tells him about the inundation he believes him. John even degrades himself by inquiring, Alas, my married woman! / My small Alison! Is she to submerge? ( 97 ) . John asks about the same adult female who is flim-flaming him in order to obtain pleasance behind his dorsum. When John asks Nicholas what he should make, Nicholas tells him to put a bath on the roof of his house and sit in it. After having his instructions, Nicholas is described by the narrator as, This silly carpenter so went his way/ Mumbling to himself, Alas the twenty-four hours! ( 99 ) . John looks even dumber when he falls asleep in the bath, leting Nicholas and Alison to mount from their baths s o that they can do love. Another illustration of John s na ve nature is shown when Alison tricks him into snoging her buttocks. Put up his oral cavity and kissed her bare arse/ Most savorously before he knew of this ( 103 ) . Not merely are Alison and Nicholas doing an buttocks of John by kiping together behind his dorsum, they are literally turning him into one by doing him kiss theirs. From this narrative we see how one adult female drives the work forces, and how one adult male is impotently naively in love with her. Even more we see how a adult female is volatile, underhand, and aggressive. She is non an obedient homemaker. These reversed functions are what influenced writers to come. As a merchandise of these narratives adult female were given more self-reliance in literature. In the fresh Jane Eyre by Charlotte Bronte we see another liberated female character. Jane is an orphaned miss who is left in the attention of her Aunt. Throughout her full life Jane felt a kind of self-dependence and a desire to research the universe. She is independent and she stands up to work forces. By leting his male and female characters to move outside of their normal functions, Chaucer has liberated adult females through literature. He about seems to prefer adult females and the influence that they have over work forces. Maribel Aguilar Eng Prof. Gilles December 8, 2000 Work Cited Page Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. London: Signet Classicss, 1997. Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Canterbury Tales. Trans. Nevill Coghill. New York: Penguin Books, 1951.

Telecommunication Engineering Standards essay

Telecommunication Engineering Standards essay Telecommunication Engineering Standards essay Telecommunication Engineering Standards essayThe development of telecommunication engineering standards is pivotal for contemporary telecommunication systems because they have to be balanced and compatible with each other. The introduction of engineering standards in telecommunication systems helps to develop those systems effectively and successfully because common standards create conditions for the create conditions for the development of homogeneous telecommunication systems, which can interact with each other successfully.  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In actuality, telecommunication engineering standards are established by the Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA), which operates internationally and establish international standards. The introduction of international standards helps to develop common norms and principles applied internationally. In this regard, it is possible to single out the major engineering committees of TIA that determine telecommunica tion standards. For example, TR-8  Mobile and Personal Private Radio Standards is the committee that  develops  public safety  and radio equipment standards (Tanenbaum 125). Engineers should match those standards which focus on safety and information protection as the main priorities for engineers working with telecommunication systems.TR-14  Point-to-Point Communications Systems develops  cellular tower  structure standards, which are particularly important today, when mobile phones have become an integral part of the life of the modern society (Silva 201). TR-14 establishes standards for cellular tower structure, which determines the development of telecommunication systems providing mobile phone connection and related services. TR-30  Multi-Media Access, Protocols and Interfaces  develops  terminal equipment  standards, which engineers should take into consideration, while developing the terminal equipment for telecommunication systems (Viardot 136). In such a way, engineers should match those standards to create reliable and compatible terminal equipment. TR-34  Satellite Equipment Systems  develops satellite equipment standards for  DVB-S  and  Quality of service  (QoS) over IP protocols (Simmonds, Sandilands, van Ekert 319). These standards involve space technologies and help to develop reliable and safe standards of telecommunication systems used in the space industry. TR-41  User Premises Telecommunications Requirements  develops analog telephone,  digital telephone, and  VoIP  standards (Tanenbaum 165). In fact, these standards are still important, instead of the steady replacement of analog telephones by mobile ones. TR-42  Telecommunications Cabling Systems develops  structured cabling (fiber optic,  copper) and  data center  standards (Simmonds, Sandilands, van Ekert 321). These standards are particularly important today, when data transmission has become pivotal for international as well as national telecommunication systems. TR-45  Mobile and Personal Communications Systems Standards  develops  CDMA  and  WiMax  air interface  and  cellular  standards (Viardot 145). These standards are relatively new and open new perspectives for the development of effective telecommunication systems that facilitate the use of internet and phone connection. TR-47  Terrestrial Mobile Multimedia Multicast develops multimedia multicast standards based on the  DVB-H  protocol and  Forward Link Only  technology (Peters 133). These standards are helpful for the development of multimedia multicast standards that facilitate the development of telecommunication systems and improve the quality of communication. TR-48  Vehicular Telematics  develops  telematics  data transmission standards for vehicle manufacturers and fleet management (Peters 141). These standards open new opportunities for the development of vehicles involving the use of modern telecommunica tion systems. In such a way, these standards help to bring telecommunication systems to vehicles expanding the scope of application of telecommunication systems.TR-49  Healthcare ICT develops healthcare standards related to telecommunications networks (Macario 194). These standards are particularly important for the development of effective telecommunication systems within health care environment. For example, the introduction of electronic health records raises the problem of the adoption of effective and reliable standards that can secure telecommunication systems and provide them with effective solutions to enhance the quality of data transmission and to increase the data protection. TR-50  M2M-Smart Device Communications   develops  machine-to-machine  standards for enabling IP-enabled communication between devices and servers (Tanenbaum 169). These standards help to develop internet and related telecommunication systems. They help to enhance the performance of telecom munication systems and enhance the performance of IP-enabled communication systems. TR-51  Smart Utility Networks develops utility  mesh network  standards for enabling communication between metering device nodes and utility company systems (Tanenbaum 174). The development of smart utility networks helps to introduce network standards that are crucial for the communication between metering device nodes that open new opportunities for the development of effective and reliable telecommunication systems.In fact, the introduction of telecommunication engineering standards in the modern environment contributes to the development of compatible telecommunication systems. Engineers should take into consideration those standards to match international norms and standards and create systems that can operate at the national and international level. The enhancement of modern telecommunication systems facilitates the development of effective communication. The modern telecommunication syst ems require the development of effective system.Thus, the development of international telecommunication engineering standards by TIA is essential for the effective and reliable telecommunication systems. The development of effective telecommunication systems contributes to the enhancement of the international communication as well as national communication making physical barriers to disappear.

Why it is good to be good or why it is Goodness Constructive Essay

Why it is good to be good or why it is Goodness Constructive - Essay Example Evil is differentiated from good in this essay, because it creates injustice and comes from violating the virtues of the soul, according to Book II of The Republic. I agree with Plato that being good is good in itself, and it is also good because of its virtuous individual and social consequences, and these arguments support the claims that a just soul is good and a just city is also good. In order to understand what is good, it is important to examine the meaning of justice, because this essay shows that justice is good for humanity. One of the ways to establish what justice means is through defining what it is not. In Book I, the Sophist Thrasymachus argues: â€Å"justice is nothing else than the interest of the stronger.† He says this to undermine the need for justice, since Sophists are known to lambast virtues as useless to society. He feels that justice does not serve the needs of the whole, and instead, it only preserves the interests of whoever is in power. Socrates counters that injustice is the one that is wrong because it opposes wisdom. He explains how people pursue their talents, since they have the wisdom to do so, but when they stop pursuing their talents, then there is injustice. In this sense, justice does not serve the strong only, but also every individual who knows that what is just is to do achieve their specialized potential (Plato Book IV ). Socrates also shows through his arguments that certain rules which allow a group to act in common help them reach their goals and there is justice in that. Thrasymachus already praised before the need to follow a set of rules. Lastly, Socrates argues that if justice is a virtue of the soul, and the virtue of the soul refers to the health of the soul, justice is attractive because it contributes to the health of the soul. Socrates asks: â€Å"Then the just is happy, and the unjust miserable?† Indeed, this essay agrees that the just is happy,

Medical Error Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Medical Error - Research Paper Example However, hospitals and medical practitioners have consistently showed unwillingness to perform their side of the bargain by making medical error disclosures and apology promptly and in a proper way. The hospital and the individual physicians who operated on Ms. W violated disclosure laws, requiring proper and constant revealing of information concerning treatments and their impacts on the patients to the principal (Gallagher, 2009). Apology laws were also broken. In addition, the organization failed to implement an internal reporting system for critical incidents as required by health regulations; this would have resolved the error before the patient could make contact with her attorney (Pozgar, 2013). In light of these breaches to the law, the hospital is vicariously liable for the medical error committed by its staff. The medical doctors are also liable in their personal capacities for their failure to observe patient safety. As Pozgar (2013) said, the provider failed to adhere to the ethical rules of informed consent, non-maleficence, justice, truthfulness and honesty. The hospital failed to provide the patient with a prompt, detailed confession of the medical error and a genuine apology followed by compensation. Such response could have improved her trust in the hospital and the medical staffs (Gallagher, 2009). This is especially true considering that in most cases, patients and their families regard disclosures as a bold step towards providing sufficient care and that cases of medical error are human. If the provider had observed the ethical rule, the patient would have been more relieved emotionally and. In addition a more effective follow-up treatment plan would have been achieved in a better way. As Gallagher (2009) noted, the ethical failure defined the provider’s hesitant release of information about the error to the family, possibly out of fear that they could initiate legal proceedings against the hospital and the staff for

Advantages of owning a franchise Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Advantages of owning a franchise - Term Paper Example Over the recent years, franchising has become a beneficial venture and has attracted many entrepreneurs. Franchise refers to the license describing the relationship between two individuals; the franchisor and franchisee (Inma, 2005). In this case, the license includes support, control, trademarks and fees. Franchising allows the goodwill, reputation, expertise, and technical knowledge of the franchise to be used together with the investment of the franchisee so as to produce and sell goods and services. In other words, a franchise is a form of business that involves one organization using another organization’s successful business model. Owing to its effectiveness in combining the skills, investments, expertise, and knowledge of the franchisor and the franchisee, franchising has become more and more popular among business people over the last few years. There are several advantages of owning a franchise which are having: continual support, financial assistance, and proven prof itability. Continual Support One main advantage of franchising is that the franchisee is subject to continued support from the franchisor. Owning a franchise helps one to get various forms of support such as pre-opening training in which one is trained about the technologies, operations, marketing and financial aspects of a business. During pre-opening training, the franchisee is trained on how a particular business operates and how to handle matters that the business may face (Kong 2011). In other words the franchisee enjoys ongoing support as the situation dictates, the franchisor acting as a mentor to the franchisee. In this respect, the franchisee and their employees may receive continuous training as and when the need arises. Given that the franchisor benefits from the success of the franchisee, they are bound to go an extra step to ensure that the franchisee succeeds in business. This being the case, the franchisor will always be ready to offer continuous technical support to the franchisee which is good for the wellbeing of the business and both of the parties. The franchisee can also be offered financial support for advertising and promotion by the franchisor. It is important for an entrepreneur to understand the different aspects of the business they intend to engage in. In many cases, businesses wind up simply because the entrepreneur lacks the requisite skills and knowledge, technologies, finances, or support. While these are some of the challenges that people who engage in other forms of businesses face, a person who starts a franchise has higher chance of succeeding. With this kind of support, the franchisee is able to start and grow his/her venture very fast without many problems associated with lack of knowledge and finances. Financial Assistance The second advantage of franchising is that unlike it happens with other forms of businesses, a franchisee can easily receive financial support to start and run a franchise. It is well known that many q ualified franchisees do not have enough capital to run an outlet. The franchisor may finance the franchisee either directly or through third parties (Beshel 2001). With respect to third party financing, the franchisee is financed by a third party but the franchisor acts as guarantor. If the cost of general advertizing is high, the franchisor may also offer financial assistance to the franchisee so as to help in increasing sales. This is aimed at generating more income to recover the advertizing costs. In other cases, the franchisor may opt to temporarily exempt the franchisee from paying the franchising fees or remitting a share of the profit so that the franchise may achieve stability. With the franchisor offering financial support, the franchisee is able to set up an outlet even if he has limited capital. Proven Profitability Franchises are generally associated with high success levels and, therefore, high profitability. Operating a sole proprietorship,

Shakespeare portrays about women

Shakespeare portrays about women William Shakespeares Much Ado about Nothing is mainly based on the battle of the sexes, and the relationships that are developed between the male and female characters of the play. Moreover, in Much Ado about Nothing Shakespeare does an astounding job at distinguishing the female stereotype of the Elizabethan Era, he develops this through the two main female characters Hero and Beatrice. Hero is portrayed as the typical female of the Elizabethan Era; Hero is of good keep and a well mannered girl. While on the other hand, Beatrice is the total opposite of typical female stereotype, she possesses a quick wit and a sharp tongue. Beatrice is never one to back down; she is an independent woman with a significant amount of self esteem. Beatrices character illustrates that the play rewards both conventional and unconventional women and prejudice against women in unnecessary and unfair. Hero was introduced in Act 1 Scene 1 of the play; she was introduced as the daughter of Leonato and Beatrices cousin. In the play Hero is represented as a very quiet, and shy girl, as she barely ever says anything and when she even speaks it is always in a very respectful manner. Throughout the entire Act one all she said was, My cousin means Signor Benedick of Padua. Similarly, Hero does not speak so much throughout the Act 2 Scene 1 most of what she says is He is of very melancholy disposition referring to Don John. The reader or the audience can see that Heros attitude is similar to the way typical women during the Elizabethan Era acted. Shakespeare might have chosen to present Hero in this manner to show the sharp contrast that exists between Hero and Beatrice. Moreover, it is apparent as the play goes on for the audience to see how much Hero does look up to her cousin Beatrice, for example is when Don Pedro asks to speak to Hero about Claudio she says: So you walk softly, and lo ok sweetly, and say nothing, I am yours for the walk, and especially when I walk away. [2.1.78-79]. The audience can see that Hero uses similar replies much like the replies that Beatrice would use to tease the men around her. By the same token, the character of Beatrice was also introduced in Act 1 Scene 1 of the play, and from the very beginning of the play Beatrice unlike Hero is represented as being a very clever and out spoken woman. Shakespeare makes sure that she comes off as a woman who is not afraid to speak her mind to anyone she comes across to. This is proven in act one, scene one when the messenger comes to deliver the message that the soldiers are on their way to Messina from the war. Beatrice and the messenger start a conversation about Benedick and the messenger tells Beatrice that Benedick is a lord to a lord, a man to a man, stuffed with all honourable virtues [1.1.53-54] she quickly replies, It is so indeed, he is no less than a stuffed man, but for the stuffing well, we are all mortal. [1.1.55-56] Beatrices sudden answer shows the audience that she is a woman who is not scared to speak her mind to anyone and that she will never back down from an argument. I believe that Shakespeare wan ted represent Beatrice in this manner to make a point that during the Elizabethan Era women were clever than men could imagine them to be. In addition during the Elizabethan Era that this play was first performed women had little or no power in the society a womans main role in this society was to get married and bear children, therefore, this was a way to prove the point that women were not the second class citizens that. Or in contrast, Shakespeare could have given Beatrice this character to simply just add a little humour into the play, because the thought of an independent and outspoken woman at that time was not taken seriously and was usually a joke. Furthermore, in the present day while reading, watching a movie about a Shakespeare play or even watching a Shakespeare play live, the audience must understand that during the Elizabethan Era every character of the play would be played by a male, even if the character was supposed to be a female. For example when Beatrice says Oh, that I were a man! What, bear her in hand until they come take hands, and then with public accusation, uncovered slander, unmitigated rancour? Oh God that I were a man![4.1.300-305] during the Elizabethan Era this particular line would have had a very comical meaning to the audience, because it would actually have been a male portraying a female character who would says this particular line, the present day audience does not grasp this irony because today, women are allowed to have part in the theatre and are not excluded. In fact another interesting thing to note about the Much Ado About Nothing is that even though Shakespeare is a male writer he was not a bias writer and in this play he showed that by not always letting the male characters win arguments or come out on top of any situation. Surely, in many situations it was the female characters that would come out on top, a great example of this is when in Act 4 Scene 1 Hero was accused of being unfaithful to Claudio. At first, the Claudio seemed triumphant in accusing an innocent woman; however, by the end of the play he is embarrassed to know that he was tricked into believing that Hero was being unfaithful when all along she was true to Claudio. Another, wonderful example of a woman coming on top is when Don Pedro and Beatrice are talking in Act 2 Scene 1 and Don Pedro asks Beatrice to marry him and she rejects him in a gentle way: DON PEDRO: Will you have me, lady? BEATRICE: No, my lord, unless I might have another for working days. Your grade is too costly to wear every day. But I beseech your grace pardon me, I was born to speak all mirth and no matter [2.1.300-304] One can never understand why Shakespeare would choose to do this but one can guess that it would either be humorous to the audience, because it would have been highly unlikely that during the Elizabethan Era a woman would prove a man wrong, or it may have been to illustrate that prejudice against a women of that time was wrong. In contrast, while the relationships between people of the same sex are very strong in Much Ado About Nothing; relationships within the opposite sex are diverse. The strongest example of this is in Act 4 Scene 1 when Hero is wrongly accused of being unfaithful to Claudio; Heros father Leonato believes a rumour rather than his beloved daughter: LEONATO: O Fate, take not away thy heavy hand! Death is the fairest cover for her shame That may be wished for. [4.1.115-117] Moreover, certainly this is true even in the female characters because, right after Hero got accused of being unfaithful Beatrice jumped in and said, O, on my soul, my cousin is belied! [4.1.146] one may think that Shakespeare that people of the same sex are much more likely to trust each other because they are more likely to understand the situation and can relate more to what that person might be going through. In contrast relationships between men and women in this play is a very diverse, one can see that there are two relationships in the play that show this diversity between men and women in Much Ado About Nothing. One relationship is the one between Hero and Claudio and the second one is between Beatrice and Benedick. Both of these relationships are very different; the relationship that Claudio and Hero have is merely based on Claudio wanting to marry Hero because of her wealth and her status. This can be seen because when Claudio finds out that the accusation he made towards H ero were untrue in Act 5 Scene 1, Leonato offers Heros identical cousin to be Claudios bride and he accepts without a second thought. LEONATO: My Brother hath a daughter, Almost the copy of my child thats dead, And she alone is heir to both of us. Give her the right you should have given her cousin, And so dies my revenge. CLAUDIO: O noble sit Your over-kindness doth wring tears from me. I do embrace you offer [5.1.278-284] This shows the audience that Claudio is not really in love with Hero he is in fact in love with the idea of Hero and the wealth that she will bring him. By the same token, this was very typical for men and women of the Elizabethan era to marry only for wealth and status, this is called dynastic marriage. In contrast to Hero and Claudios relationship, one can see that the relationship that Beatrice and Benedick have is real and that they truly do love each other. An example is when Beatrice and Don Pedro are talking at the ball in Act 2 scene 1 and Beatrice confesses that she and Benedick did have a fling: BEATRICE: Indeed, my lord, he lent it me awhile; and I gave him use for it, a double heart for a single one. Marry, once before he won it of me with false dice; therefore your Grace may well say I have lost it. Moreover, this shows the audience that there was something between them but neither Beatrice of Benedick ever talks in a detailed manner about the situation, therefore leaving a little mystery for the audience. Even though Beatrice and Benedick come across as being very aggressive, outspoken and very independent people, Shakespeare mildly starts to show the audience a little look at both of their softer sides. Furthermore, one can also see that their love is real because when Benedick hears Leonato, Don Pedro, and Balthasar talking in Act 2 Scene 3 about how Beatrice really loves Benedick, one can see that Benedicks true feelings come out and he said, When I said I would die a bachelor, I did not think I should live till I were married [2.3.233-235]. Same situation happened for Beatrice when she overheard Hero and Ursula talking about the love that Benedick has for her. After Hero and Ursula leave Beatrice states in her Soliloquy What fire is in mine ears? Can this be true? Stand I c ondemned for price and scorn so much? [3.1.107-108] this shows how shocked she really is that she comes across to Benedick as being so cold-hearted, she than goes to say No glory lives on behind the back of such. And Benedick love on, I will requite thee, Taming my wild heart to thy loving hand. If thou dost love, my kindness shall incite thee To bind our loves up in a holy band. [3.1.110-114] this change of heart that Beatrice has towards Benedick shows the audience that she is not the cold-hearted person everyone has come to know. Moreover, the audience feels more sympathetic towards Beatrice because she shows her genuine side that is willing to change herself to show a man how much she loves him. In conclusion, I think that at the end Shakespeares Much Ado About Nothing does break all of the women stereotypes of the Elizabethan Era, and through different characters shows that prejudice against women in unnecessary and unfair. Moreover, Shakespeare managed to write a comedy that made fun of the battle of the sexes during the Elizabethan Era and showed that women were not just second class citizens, and that they had more of a role within the society.

Flannery O’Connor and Working-Class Literature :: Biography Biographies Essays

Flannery O’Connor and Working-Class Literature Although Flannery O’Connor could not herself technically be called a member of the working class, the majority of her characters exist as â€Å"good country people† or those who have been displaced from the city to the farm. Whatever the situation of the characters, rural, working-class life is nearly always the focus in her work. Just a few of the critical elements of the working-class genre that O’Connor offers in her pieces include: a show of the many differences between classes, chiefly the ideas that working-class people are happier in their station in life and also experience less loneliness than those of the upper classes, and a heavy focus on the authentic dialogue of the southern working classes. She employs these elements expertly in her work. O’Connor’s texts often address the differences between the working classes and the â€Å"owning† classes. In their article, "Toward a Theory of Working-Class Literature," Renny Christopher and Carolyn Whitson comment that â€Å"working-class culture does not celebrate individuality. It instead recognizes the interdependence of units of people: family, community, friends, unions† (76). O’Connor confirms the benefits of community that the working class offers by showing upper-class loneliness. In â€Å"Good Country People,† the farm owner’s well-educated daughter is very depressed and lonely but chooses to be so. When her mother and she walk the fields together, the daughter’s â€Å"remarks were usually so ugly and her face so glum.† She rigidly interacted with her mother, not showing any signs of family, community or solidarity with her at all. She informs her mother, â€Å"if you want me, here I am – LIKE I AM† (274). There is no willingness to commune. Loneliness is also shown among many other middle-class characters in O’Connor’s work – the farm owner in â€Å"The Displaced Person,† the teacher Rayber in â€Å"The Barber,† and Mrs. Turpin in â€Å"Revelation† are some additional examples. Christopher and Whitson claim that â€Å"working-class culture has its own exceptional people who do not choose to leave their culture.† O’Connor’s pieces support this idea. Often she paints the middle-class characters in her pieces as ridiculous or unhappy where the working-class is seemingly well-adjusted and satisfied with their place in life. Old Dudley, in the story â€Å"The Geranium,† finds himself living in â€Å"better† conditions in New York City, having left the poor country life as a boarder and fix-it man in Georgia.

Cultural Event Paper Essay

This paper is to discuss my experience on a trip to Orlando, what I saw and what value those experience had for me as an expression of 21st century culture in this country. Some connections discovered between the event and different topics we have been reviewing on this course will also be discussed. Cultural Event As a great fan of visual arts of any kinds with special interest in sculpture and figurative art painting, I visited a place called â€Å"Holy Land Experience† in Orlando, Florida because of what I’ve heard about the place, how they showcase ancient Jewish architectural designs, ancient history of Jerusalem and key biblical histories. It was meant to be a vacation trip with the intention of giving the family a treat; however the visit to this Christian theme park ended up being educational for me more than it was a thrill for the family. Beautiful buildings bringing to life ancient Jewish architectural designs, what with all the workers dressed in traditional Jewish attire even men wearing gowns and covering their heads with scarves exactly as described in some of the books read in the past on Jewish cultures. With their long beards, those men made the place looks almost like a modern day bible story land and getting to the Jerusalem street market, we had an opportunity to travel back in time to an ancient land that is 2000 years old and thousands of miles away from United States. Passion dramas and live religious shows emphasizes the rich Jewish ancient culture of Passover, that is the eight-day festival celebrated in the early spring from the 15th to the 22nd day in the Hebrew month of Nissan. This festival is to celebrate the deliverance of Jewish people from Egypt after many years of slavery. Local foods from traditional Seder favorites like brisket and matzoh ball soup to kosher-for-Passover, yeast-less cookies and brownies were all displayed during the live shows, to again make visitors experience nearly as real as possible. They also have a scriptorium museum; center for Christian Antiquities where some defaced historical items are kept for display. Among these antiquities found in this scriptorium museum are parts of the remains of Noah’s ark. It is just an imitation of the real but constructed in such a way to make it look as real as it can be. Despite we are in the 21st century, most people in this country still connect or relate with one religious value or the other. So as a Christian, who has never been to Israel to see firsthand these historical sites, the art impressions at â€Å"Holy Land Experience† reenact biblical histories. Some of the histories like the birth, crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus Christ who is the founding figure of Christian faith and other histories that surround him as recounted in the bible and other literatures I’ve read in the past are more real after visiting this site. I discover that since I have visited the â€Å"Holy Land Experience† my connection with Christian faith has been stronger than ever and now the image of those historical sites visited lingers in my memory. We now also take communion at home on a regular basis in remembrance of how Jesus Christ broke the bread which symbolizes his body and share the wine which symbolizes his blood with his disciples before his crucifixion. Conclusion Relating this experience with ideas and themes we’ve been talking about on this course, I can conclude that though Christianity has evolved in many ways, there are still a lot of similarities in the Christian cultural patterns and traditions when compared with the early days.

How to Write a Deductive Essay on the Role of Music in Creativity

How to Write a Deductive Essay on the Role of Music in Creativity In the first of our guides, we discussed 10 facts on the role of music in creativity for a deductive essay, which was followed by the second one 20 topics on the role of music in creativity for a deductive essay. This final guide discusses what you need to take into account while writing the actual deductive essay on the role of music in creativity. When your professor asks you to write a deductive essay on the role of music in creativity, the objective is to understand your knowledge on the subject. Deductive reasoning is dependent on a unique concept, which is developed through strong assumptions based on certain clues. Deductive reasoning requires weighing in factors, comparing them with one’s knowledge and then drawing conclusions. To accomplish this, divide your essay in three parts: The Premise It’s your basic fact or belief on which you’ve based all your assumptions in the essay. You can have multiple premises throughout the essay but they all need to be connected. The Evidence You’ve made your arguments but what makes them true? You’ve given the premise and on that platform you’ve made your arguments, but what should follow are pieces of evidence. You need to make sure that your readers are not only reading interesting banter, but also banter that’s backed by solid facts. The Conclusion The premise could be considered as your thesis, which must have taken all the space in your first paragraph. Then you went on with your arguments along with the evidence. The last paragraph is your conclusion summarizing it all. It’s recommended that you connect this academic essay with your future research work; you can show readers that you’ve come this far but going further would require expertise that you don’t possess at the moment. Deductive essays must be heavily personalized, meaning that you need to showcase your own findings every time you quote from research or a book. This can be both exciting and worrying, because you don’t know whether your arguments and assumptions will be appreciated by your professor. However, we assure you that if you’ve done your homework on this, you’ll be striking all the right chords with your readers as well as your professor. If you want to impress your readers, make sure your essay on the role of music in creativity is clear and focused. Every single paragraph should be focused on a specific aspect. You can give examples of previous deductive successes and satisfy your readers that through this art, great things can indeed be achieved.

Free Essays on Rainmaker

2) Book Review â€Å"The Rainmaker† by John Grisham, is about a young lawyer named Rudy Baylor who is graduating from law school and needs a job. When the job that he is supposed to have is given to someone else, he finds himself having to settle for a job with a law firm that isn't exactly on its way up the success ladder. A lawyer named J. Lyman Stone runs it. His nickname is 'Bruiser'. Bruiser, as Rudy will later find out, is not only a lawyer, but also a crook and will have to go into hiding when a former business partner of his testifies before a grand jury. Rudy has to form a partnership with a man named Deck Shiflit who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam more times than one can count. Together the two men have to fight an insurance company called Great Benefit, which has denied their client who has cancer, funds for a bone marrow transplant. Rudy has to go up against a large law firm that represents Great Benefit. Rudy also becomes involved with a woman whose husband beats her. He must juggle the case, the girl, and his landlady. This book is a mix of action, suspense and drama; it will change readers' stereotype of lawyers. Various conflicts in this book all seem to go on at the same time. The beginning conflict is between Rudy and his classmates. He is upset at the hard work he has put in while his other rich classmates will easily find jobs for which he will have to struggle to accomplish. The young lawyer’s next conflict is with Leo F. Drumond the lead attorney for the Great Benefit defense who has sold out on his legal beliefs and obligations to win cases. As this conflict is being laid out, another comes in with the woman who is being beaten by her boyfriend. She doesn't want to leave him and Rudy must convince her that it is the only way for her to stay alive. Another part of the Great Benefit trial conflict comes out when the boy with the cancer dies. This escalates the empathetic feelings of the jury du... Free Essays on Rainmaker Free Essays on Rainmaker 2) Book Review â€Å"The Rainmaker† by John Grisham, is about a young lawyer named Rudy Baylor who is graduating from law school and needs a job. When the job that he is supposed to have is given to someone else, he finds himself having to settle for a job with a law firm that isn't exactly on its way up the success ladder. A lawyer named J. Lyman Stone runs it. His nickname is 'Bruiser'. Bruiser, as Rudy will later find out, is not only a lawyer, but also a crook and will have to go into hiding when a former business partner of his testifies before a grand jury. Rudy has to form a partnership with a man named Deck Shiflit who has gone to law school but failed the bar exam more times than one can count. Together the two men have to fight an insurance company called Great Benefit, which has denied their client who has cancer, funds for a bone marrow transplant. Rudy has to go up against a large law firm that represents Great Benefit. Rudy also becomes involved with a woman whose husband beats her. He must juggle the case, the girl, and his landlady. This book is a mix of action, suspense and drama; it will change readers' stereotype of lawyers. Various conflicts in this book all seem to go on at the same time. The beginning conflict is between Rudy and his classmates. He is upset at the hard work he has put in while his other rich classmates will easily find jobs for which he will have to struggle to accomplish. The young lawyer’s next conflict is with Leo F. Drumond the lead attorney for the Great Benefit defense who has sold out on his legal beliefs and obligations to win cases. As this conflict is being laid out, another comes in with the woman who is being beaten by her boyfriend. She doesn't want to leave him and Rudy must convince her that it is the only way for her to stay alive. Another part of the Great Benefit trial conflict comes out when the boy with the cancer dies. This escalates the empathetic feelings of the jury du...

Institute of Medicine framework for healthcare quality Assignment

Institute of Medicine framework for healthcare quality - Assignment Example ences and needs), timely (the time it takes to receive and give care to patients), efficiency (use of all resources to the maximum) and equitability (providing equal quality of care to patient of different gender or status). These components can be applied to nursing in order to ensure a high health care quality. The safety component, for instance, can be implemented by ensuring that the nurses possess the necessary knowledge and skills needed in the field. On the other hand, effectiveness and efficiency can be ensured by appointment of a strict managerial team; which will supervise and ensure proper use of the nursing resources. Timely and patient centeredness components of health care quality can be achieved by reducing the ratio of patients to nurses so as to ensure that patients will get the attention they require. Finally, equitability can be met by discouraging discrimination of patients and setting harsh rules to those found discriminating patients. Once the components are implemented and observed strictly, the nursing sector can be of high health care quality. In my actual work setting, the framework components can be applied to improve the quality of healthcare services offered. For starter, all the nurses without a diploma in nursing should be forced to go further their studies; this will consequently improve safety of the health care provided by reducing the numbers of accidents to patients when undergoing treatment. On top of nurses furthering their studies, the manager should be highly qualified and strict; this will ensure effectiveness and efficiency of the health center’s resources. Additionally, the government can increase the number of nurses in the health center so as to ensure timely quality and the ability to provide care which is responsive to patients’ preferences and needs. This will ultimately increase the health care quality of the health

Film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 8

Film - Essay Example However, even though the films are of same genre and have similar background themes, the setting and the characters are distinct, and have unique personalities. The films ‘It Happened One Night’ (1934) and ‘Maid in Manhattan’ (2002) have similar background themes where a wealthy person falls in love with a ‘commoner.’ The love interest gets the wealthy characters (Ellie and Chris) distracted from the goals they had set to achieve. For example, in the movie ‘It Happened One Night,’ the female character Ellie runs away from her wealthy father to get married to a man of her choice. However, when she meets Peter and gets to know him during their travel to New York, she falls in love with him and gets distracted from the goal for which she had run away from her father. Similarly, in the film ‘Maid in Manhattan,’ Christopher Marshall who is a senatorial candidate, gets distracted from his goal of focusing on his campaign when he falls in love with a maid working in a classy hotel in which he stays. However, the contrast in the theme is that when Ellie confesses her love towards Pete r, he agrees that he is also in love with her. However, the character of Marissa, who is a maid, tries to avoid Christopher when she realizes that he is romantically interested in her. The other difference in the themes of the films is the truth about the characters who are ‘commoners’. In the movie ‘It Happened One Night,’ Peter discloses his real self to Ellie right from the beginning, and that too, with certain flamboyance and charm. On the other hand, Chris misunderstands Marissa as a socialite guest at the hotel, and considers her as a wealthy woman and not a ‘commoner’. Hence, when Chris falls in love with Marissa, he is not aware about her true identity of a maid. In this way, even though basic themes of the films are similar, the shades of the characters are different. The basis of the romantic comedies

Interview Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 3

Interview - Essay Example The focus on the interview was on police related concerns, specifically how, as police officers, they try to keep the campus safe. According to Officer Williams, they have the 222tip line that helps the police in effectively locating the person that on the verge of committing a crime or someone who was reported to have apparently brought a weapon on campus or is engaging in aggressive behavior such as bullying. Officer Williams was noted to come from Navasota, Texas; but was acknowledged to reside in Houston, Texas. He disclosed that he came to live in Houston, where initially, he said that he worked at an instruction company. After he had a family, he said that he decided to pursue a career in law enforcement through attending the University of Houston Police Academy. He remembered and relayed that he graduated top of class and signified that it was a great day for him. He said that he felt like he can make more money and aptly prepare for the future of his family. Likewise, he also emphasized that he wanted to help others who are in need of any form of assistance. After graduation, he relayed that he decided that he wanted to work for the School District so he can help children in school; especially those who become victims of bullying. Also, through focusing on issues that are related to the behavior of children within the campus, he noted that he could also be of assistance to the ones with behavioral problems and manifestation or tendencies to commit a crime. Officer Williams stated that the numbers of bullying is high in the school district and he keeps trying his very best to make sure that the students understand what can happen when someone is bullied; such as risking injuries that could also lead to physical, emotional and psychological infliction of harm. So he said that he makes sure that he focuses on issues pertaining to bullying with the aim of ultimately minimizing these incidents or ultimately putting a stop to them. One’s personal

The Taming of the Shrew Essay Example for Free

The Taming of the Shrew Essay William Shakespeare’s play, The Taming of the Shrew, is a controversial play that introduces a battle between a man and woman. The woman, whom is strong-willed, must show submission to her husband. As this play has been read by many people, there has been a wide range of different reactions about the play. Whether people agree with the morals of this play or disagree, it is based upon ones beliefs of what role women play in society. Petruccio, the man who is trying to tame Katherine, tries to â€Å"teach [her] that she must obey him [and he] acts the part of ‘shrew tamer’† (159). Katherine is quite reluctant to Petruccio trying to tame her, and she has the right to the anger she feels toward him. Katherine is a very strong woman who feels the need for independence in her life. Petruccio, however, would like to hold power over her so that he may tame her. Throughout the play the audience is guided along Katherine’s journey of complete submission to Petruccio, whom eventually becomes her husband. The end of the play marks the most important and significant part of the play. Katherine shows her submission to her husband, Petruccio. In Katherine’s speech at the end of the play she admits: â€Å"Such duty as the subject owes the prince, Even such a woman oweth to her husband, And when she is forward, peevish, sullen, sour, And not obedient to his honest will, What is she but a foul contending rebel, And graceless traitor to her loving lord?† (Lines 159-164) This part of her speech signifies that women are supposed to treat their husband as a servant would treat their royal prince. This is putting men in a higher reign of power and acknowledging them as rulers of their women. This is not agreeable by any means because women should have the right to equality in a marriage. In a sermon, titled ‘Of Domesticall Duties: Eight Treatises’ by William Gouge, it is noted that wives are to be â€Å"in subjection to obey [their] own husbands† (1). It is also said that if the â€Å"wives be stubborn, froward, and malapert, their husbands are compelled thereby to abhor and flee form their own houses even as they should have battle with their enemies† (1). This quotation is immoral because when a man and women are married, the man should not be allowed to flee at his own discretion. In those times, however, this unfortunately was permitted. After studying the play further and reading through relatable sermons, it is evident that womanly independence was highly discouraged. A woman having a man in her life, who gives her some direction, is not terrible. The ways that a man holds power over a woman and essentially becomes the boss of her however, is not right. There is a fine line between being a woman’s husband, and being a woman’s boss. A woman should be entitled to her own independence and sovereignty. Looking at the period where this play originated, it is common to discourage women from having equality to men. However, it still doesn’t make their views correct. It is encouraging to see our time period evolve since then, as it is less common to have a man trying to tame his wife. It is heartbreaking to see that some people still live by those same morals in our society. I believe that we as a generation have done a better job of trying to disregard the same views that were held during Shakespearea n times.

Benefits of Learning Through Play

Benefits of Learning Through Play Play is a very important part of a childs development, and can affect their development in a number of ways, there is a collection of principles that were formed to look at the value of play in nurturing a childs development, this is called the play Cycle. It consists of the following stages . Metalude-This is when a child chooses the activity or toy that the want to play with. Play Cue-This is an expression or a physical action which a child might do to show other children that they would like them to come over and be involved. For example, a child may have a toy car and pretend to mimic a crash sound to the other child which would then tempt them to involve themselves in the car game. Play return This is when a child or adult has accepted the request to play and then makes the decision to whether they want to involve themselves or not. Play Flow-this is when a child gets very involved in a task or activity, this usually starts from the play cue. Annihilation-This Is where a child makes the decision to stop what activity or play they are doing, reasons being boredom from repetition or if the game has ended. Play can affect all aspects of a child s development, below I have listed the different areas. Physical development Physical development through play for young children involves play which enhance gross and fine motor skills, for example threading string through small holes requires concentration and fine motor skills. Activities involving running, jumping, riding a bike requires gross motor skills. These are really beneficial for a child and need to be encouraged from a young age as they will be needed for them to take part in activities such as sports day. Children should also be encouraged to realise the importance of healthy eating alongside physical exercise. Emotional development-Play which involves emotional development is extremely important for young children and needs to be incorporated during school activities. This type of play is beneficial to all children of all ages but also helps encourage children who find it hard to express there emotions, a way in which this can be used for example children can use dolls or teddies to play out a situation, dress up and role play can be used also. This is good to build self esteem and self confidence to then assist in other incidents in school. Intellectual development- This type of play doesnt necessarily mean that a child has to put pen to paper, many play activities can be creative and fun that will benefit a child intellectually, for example a group of children could be doing junk modelling and they would then discuss which materials would suit each part of the model and what colour paints to use to then match up to the rest of the groups designs. Social development-Play is vital to make sure that children develop good social skills with there class friends, teachers and other adults. This is a life skill that needs to be encouraged from an early age to then get them ready for life in a school environment. Activities that can help build up childs social skills can involve for example a group of year 2 children having a classroom discussion about who is in there family, the other children can then discuss differences and similaritys, for example child A may say â€Å"I have a brother† child B may respond â€Å"I dont have a brother I have two sisters† obviously this type of discussion needs to be approached in a sensitive manner as some children have different family set-ups for example child a may not have a dad like child b which could then spark off a different conversation. Creating play spaces is paramount to a childs education and development. These play spaces will let children explore all sides of there development. Research was made in 2008 by OFSTED to look into learning inside and outside the classroom. This investigation found that when planned and implemented well, learning outside the classroom contributed significantly to raising standards and improving pupils personal, social and emotional development.Taken from http://www.ofsted.gov.uk/resources/learning-outside-classroom When creating a play space within a school setting it is important to first launch a small discussion with the children to find out what they would and wouldnt like in a play space, letting the children get involved in planning and creating a play space will emphasise there interest, and also develop self confidence, this can be done by getting the children to draw simple plans on how they would like it too look, what items they would like to include and colours. Also getting the children to make a visual model of how they would like it look by using junk materials, shoe boxes,plastic bottles, cereal boxes etc. After the children have constructed there plans the teaching staff could let each child vote for which one they like and then the winning child(ren) could be taken to some other play spaces in different schools. its important to involve children in the group discussion of creating a play space to encourage self confidence and self esteem, it also teaches them that by taking charge of a project that there is hard work involved which will then show them that they need to respect all the play equipment. It is important to assure that all children are involved in the consultation process, irrespective of age,gender, ethnicity and impairment. Also making sure the play equipment is suitable for any children with physical disabilities. Its important that being a teaching assistant you support all play sessions, there are two main forms which are Structure Process Structural support is to make sure that the classroom is set up appropriately for children to carry out play safely. To assure this, messy, noisy and quiet play needs to be separate. Each child needs to know that help is available in each play area. Play spaces need to be set up to be appealing to the eye to encourage children to take part, some children need this encouragement for something to stand out as they find it hard to choose between different play activities. Good organisation is also key to assure a steady flow to each play activity, the teaching assistant will need to make the room layout is set out appropriately for the children involved at the time and any specific needs, Process support is what the teaching assistant may have to give to pupils when they are involved in a play activity. Teaching assistants need to ensure all play activities consist of the correct materials as this will enable the pupils to engage in the tasks in hand and learn to become proactive in there approach when learning. There may be children in the class that need extra support with activities due to certain disabilities or conditions, for example there may be a child with adhd who needs one to one interaction with certain activities and encouragement to get involved in the play space. It is important to make sure as a teaching assistant you do not take over the play activity and just assist, for example if a child is struggling to use a ruler to do a straight line the teaching assistant shouldnt do it for them instead get a ruler yourself and show the child on a separate piece of paper how to hold it etc, this will then build the childs confidence and they will feel like they have achieved something new that they couldnt do before and learnt a new skill. Various legislations need to be followed when creating a play space. This is to make sure all children are safe and protected when using play equipment, it is paramount that these are always adhered too as the childrens safety is vital. The Disability Discrimination Act 1995 is put in to place to ensure all children have admittance to the same equipment, services etc as to those children without a disability When designing play space for children it is important to plan for children with disabilities, there advisability shouldnt be made obvious, facilities should be included that can stimulate children in more ways than one for example if a child has a physical disability other activities should be arranged so they are able to use there other senses, such as a texture table where they can touch items and guess what they are. If a play space is already arranged, it is important that these are equipped suitably for a child with a disability, for example if a child is wheel chair user t here needs to be adequate space for them to manoeuvre around but also to think of the needs of the other children without a disability. Its important to make every child feel valued and equal within the setting. This also goes for outdoor play spaces. According to wicksteed playscapes: RoSPAs publication â€Å"playgrounds for children with special needs† states:Like or similar play experiences should be available to all site users;i.e. If there are slides,rockers and roundabouts in a play area, then all users should be able to have sliding, rocking and rotating experiences, even if some users cannot access all play items or features. Author-wicksteed playscapes http://www.wicksteed.co.uk/legislation.html page 2 Risk assessments are vital when a play space has been created. Risk is hard to foresee but Play England have described it by stating: Providers need to decide for themselves what level of risk is appropriate in their provision, because the type and style of provision must be responsive to local circumstances. This is one reason why industry standards,which dont necessarily have a one size fits all format,need to be interpreted within the local context. This enables providers to include equipment or play opportunities that some more anxious parents might object to. However, simply reflecting the concerns of the most anxious parents, and altering playground design in an attempt to remove as much risk and challenge as possible, prevents providers from offering important benefits to the vast majority of children and young people. It may also lead more adventurous children to seek physical challenges in other, less well-managed environments, which others settle for sedentary activities Authors-S.Lester,Dr O.Jones,W.Russell url-www.wiltshire.gov.uk/supporting-school-improvement-through-play.pdf Another two legislations that needs to be adhered too is stated below Occupiers liability Act 1957 and 1984 An occupier of premises owes the same duty, the â€Å"common duty of care†, to all his visitors,except in so far as he is free to and does extend,restrict,modify or exclude his duty to any visitor or visitors by agreement or otherwise Url-www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/Eliz2/5-6/31/section/2 EN1176 Playground Equipment Standard The royal Society for the prevention of Accidents (RoSPA) shows information on safety for play ground equipment, there are seven different areas covered in the legislation which are stated below Safety in general Different test and safety requirements for swings Slide safety requirements Runaway safety and test methods Roundabout safety and test methods Rocking equipment safety and test methods Installation,maintenance,inspection and operation Everything described in this unit concentrates on how play can affect a childs development, physically, emotionally,intellectually and socially and that it is vital for children to have the creation of play spaces. This unit also describes how sometimes a teaching assistant needs to intervene during a play session to establish smooth flow of play and to be aware.